Cotton, linen and other natural fiber fabrics contain impurities, and the warp has pulp, which must be removed by repeated soaking, beating, washing and sun exposure, otherwise the dyeing quality will be affected. In ancient times, this process was called "Wan". The method of training varies from place to place. Some areas use boiling water to scald, some areas use plant ash water to boil, some areas use firewood ash to degumm, and then use beeswax to make it smooth and soft, and some areas use natural dew to make impurities gradually disappear. Because the lipids in the boiled cotton yarn will come off, it is not smooth enough when waxing, and it is easy to seep into the wax. Therefore, in areas where the cloth is practiced by boiling, konjac pulp or Bletilla striata pulp cloth should be used before waxing. First wash a piece of konjac and peel it, then use a knife to scrape it into a paste, put it in a pot, add a little water to reduce its viscosity a little, then wrap a towel around the konjac paste, put it on the cloth Rub the surface hard, and the juice filtered from the towel seeps into the cloth. When it air-dries naturally, the cloth will stiffen. Konjac is sticky and can stiffen the cloth, but it does not block the penetration of the dye, and it will disappear on its own in the future. In order for the cloth to be flat and clean, it also needs to be sanded flat. Generally, the shoulder blade of a cow is used as a grinding tool. Because the bone of the cow is often used, it becomes extremely smooth and weighs the hand. Use this bone to rub the surface of the cloth back and forth, and soon the cloth will be smooth and flat, which is good for waxing.
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